Classroom lesson 路 Music馃嚨馃嚘 Panama

Tamborito - the little drum dance

Panama's official national dance, with three drums and a circle of clappers

Photo 路 Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Tamborito (which means 'little drum') is Panama's official national dance. A circle of people stand around three drummers. A single singer leads a song, the others clap and reply, and one couple at a time dances in the middle of the circle. When that couple finishes, another steps in.

Tell me more

The three drums are called caja, pujador and repicador. Each plays a different rhythm, and together they fit together like a puzzle. The deepest drum sets the beat, the middle one fills in, and the highest one decorates the rhythm with quick taps.

The female dancer often wears a beautiful long white dress called a 'pollera', with bright embroidered flowers and birds. A full pollera can take more than a year to make and might be passed from mother to daughter. The male dancer wears a 'montuno' shirt and a small straw hat.

Tamborito is a 'call and response' song. The lead singer calls out a line, and the whole circle answers back, often the same line or a chorus. That means everyone is part of the music - not just the people in the middle dancing.

Tamborito has been danced in Panama for hundreds of years. It probably grew out of the mixing of African, Indigenous and Spanish music traditions. Today, it is taught in many Panamanian schools so that children grow up knowing the steps.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why might a dance where everyone takes a turn be special?
  2. 02Call-and-response songs need the whole group. What classroom songs or games do you know that work like this?
  3. 03Some clothes take years to make. What special object in your family took a long time to create?
Try this

Classroom activity

Stand in a circle. The teacher (or a brave pupil) is the 'lead singer' and claps a short rhythm. The class claps the same rhythm back. Take turns being the leader. Then try a Panamanian version: leader sings 'Hola amigos' and class replies 'Hola hola'. Can you keep a steady beat as a whole class?