Classroom lesson · Panama's seven Indigenous peoples · 🇵🇦 Panama

Panama's seven Indigenous peoples

Seven different cultures, languages and traditions sharing one country

A colourful Guna mola textile with geometric patterns

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Panama is home to seven Indigenous peoples - groups of families whose ancestors have lived in this land for thousands of years, long before any countries had borders. Each has its own language, food, music and crafts. Together they make up about 12 of every 100 people in Panama.

Tell me more

The seven peoples are the Ngäbe, Buglé, Guna, Emberá, Wounaan, Naso and Bri Bri. The Ngäbe are the largest group. The Guna are famous for their bright island homes on a long string of small islands called Guna Yala on the Caribbean coast.

The Guna are especially well known for a beautiful kind of stitched cloth called a 'mola'. Molas are made by sewing several layers of brightly coloured cotton on top of each other and then carefully cutting away pieces to reveal pictures - birds, fish, flowers, geometric patterns. Each mola is unique and can take weeks to make.

The Emberá and Wounaan peoples, who live in the Darién rainforest, are famous for two things: their beautifully painted bodies (using a dark blue dye made from a fruit called jagua), and the intricate baskets they weave from palm fibre. Their baskets are kept in museums all over the world.

Each Indigenous group has its own language - that means seven languages besides Spanish in one country. In some communities, schools teach in both the local language and Spanish, so that children grow up speaking two languages from the very start.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why might it be a strength for a country to have many languages spoken inside it?
  2. 02What is something that has been passed down in your family for a long time - a recipe, a song, a saying?
  3. 03Mola patterns often show animals from the sea and forest. What animals or pictures would you sew onto your own mola?
Try this

Classroom activity

On a piece of A4 paper, design your own 'paper mola'. Choose three bright colours of construction paper layered on top of each other. Carefully cut shapes from the top layers to reveal the colours below. Display the class's finished molas together as a wall mural.