These frogs live near fast-flowing streams in misty mountain rainforests, called 'cloud forests'. The air is always damp and cool. The frogs spend their days hopping among the wet rocks and leaves looking for tiny insects to eat.
Because the stream water is so noisy, the frogs have invented a clever way to talk - they wave at each other. A small wave of one front leg means 'I'm over here' or 'this is my rock'. Most frogs in the world croak; Panamanian golden frogs literally wave.
Sadly, in real wild rainforests these frogs have become very rare. A type of disease has affected frogs all over Central America. Scientists in Panama are working hard to look after the golden frogs in special centres until the wild population can recover.
The Panamanian government even has an official 'Golden Frog Day' on 14 August every year. Schools across the country have special lessons that day to learn about the frog and what we can do to help.