Classroom lesson · Wildlife · 🇳🇴 Norway

Atlantic puffins - the 'sea parrots' of Norway

Little black-and-white seabirds with bright orange beaks

An Atlantic puffin standing on a rocky cliff with a beak full of fish

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Atlantic puffins are small seabirds that look a bit like tiny penguins in a clown costume. They are black on top, white underneath, with bright orange feet and a huge, colourful beak. Hundreds of thousands of pairs nest on the cliffs of northern Norway every summer.

Tell me more

Puffins spend most of the year out at sea, bobbing on waves and diving for fish. They only come to land for a few months each summer, to lay eggs and raise their babies (called 'pufflings'). They nest in burrows - long tunnels they dig into the soft soil on top of sea cliffs.

A puffin's bright orange beak is part-show, part-tool. In summer, the colour is at its brightest to help them find a partner. By winter, it fades to grey. The beak is also brilliant for fishing: a puffin can hold up to 30 small fish at once, lined up neatly across its beak, while still catching more.

Underwater, puffins are amazing swimmers. They use their wings like paddles - basically flying through the water - to chase fish. They can dive 60 metres deep and stay under for a minute. On land they waddle slowly. In the air they flap so fast (400 flaps a minute) that they look like a fuzzy bullet.

The biggest puffin colony in the world is on the island of Runde, off the west coast of Norway. About 100,000 pairs nest there every summer. The cliffs are so packed with birds that they look from far away like the rocks are moving.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01How could a puffin hold 30 fish at once without dropping the ones already in its beak?
  2. 02Puffins spend most of the year at sea and only come to land to raise babies. What other animals only visit certain places at certain times?
  3. 03Why might bright colours be useful in summer but useless in winter?
Try this

Classroom activity

Print out a black-and-white puffin outline. Colour it in. Then draw the same puffin in winter, when the beak has gone plain grey. Compare them. Which one looks more like a puffin to you?