Classroom lesson · Festival · 🇿🇼 Zimbabwe

The Eastern Highlands

Misty green mountains along Zimbabwe's eastern edge

Rolling green mountains and mist in Zimbabwe's Eastern Highlands

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The Eastern Highlands are a long ridge of green mountains that run along Zimbabwe's eastern border with Mozambique. They are cooler, wetter and more forested than the rest of the country. The peaks are wrapped in mist most mornings, and the air smells of pine, eucalyptus and fresh rain.

Tell me more

Zimbabwe is mostly a high, flat plateau - but the Eastern Highlands rise above it in three sections: Nyanga in the north, Bvumba in the middle, and Chimanimani in the south. The tallest peak, Mount Nyangani, is just over 2,500 metres high - about a quarter of the way up Mount Everest.

Because the highlands catch the moisture coming off the Indian Ocean, they get much more rain than the rest of the country. Streams tumble down the slopes into rivers and waterfalls. One of them, Mtarazi Falls, drops nearly 800 metres - one of the longest waterfalls in Africa.

The highlands are full of cool-climate plants you wouldn't expect to see in southern Africa: ferns, mosses, wild orchids and pine forests. Farmers grow apples, coffee and tea here. Local markets along the mountain roads sell mountain berries, honey and small wooden carvings made from local hardwoods.

Nyanga National Park has stone ruins much older than Great Zimbabwe. Ancient farmers built thousands of small stone terraces into the hillsides to make flat fields for growing crops. Some of those terraces still hold their shape after more than 1,500 years.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why might the same country have a hot dry plain and a cool wet mountain range in different places?
  2. 02Old stone terraces are still holding their shape after 1,500 years. What does that tell us about the people who built them?
  3. 03Apples, tea and coffee all need cool, wet weather. What grows where you live? What climate does it need?
Try this

Classroom activity

On a Zimbabwe map, find the Eastern Highlands along the border with Mozambique. Mark Nyanga, Bvumba and Chimanimani. Now look up the highest point in your own country. Is it higher or lower than Mount Nyangani? How does the climate change as you go up a mountain?