Classroom lesson · Wildlife · 🇸🇳 Senegal

Great white pelican - the scoop-bill

A huge bird with a beak shaped like a fishing net

A great white pelican gliding over the water with its long bill held forward

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The great white pelican is one of the biggest flying birds in the world. Tens of thousands of them gather every year at the Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary in the north of Senegal. They are bright white, with a huge yellow-orange beak that has a stretchy pouch underneath - perfect for scooping fish.

Tell me more

A pelican's beak pouch can hold about 13 litres of water - more than three big bottles of fizzy drink. When the pelican dips its head into the water, it scoops up fish and water together. Then it tips its head forward to let the water drain out, and swallows the fish on its own.

Pelicans often fish together as a team. They paddle in a long line or a U-shape and beat their wings on the water, herding fish into shallow water. Then everyone scoops at once. It's a kind of underwater sheep-dog routine, done with beaks.

Even though they are heavy birds (8-15 kg - heavier than a baby), pelicans are brilliant fliers. They use rising hot air to soar without flapping, the way condors and eagles do. A flock of pelicans in the sky looks like a slow, white spiral.

Djoudj, where so many pelicans gather, is the third-most-important bird sanctuary in the world. Around 3 million birds visit it each year - pelicans, flamingos, herons, ducks and many more - mostly during the European winter, when they fly south to find warmer water and lots of fish.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why might it work better to fish as a team than alone?
  2. 02If you had a stretchy pouch like a pelican, what would you carry in it?
  3. 03Millions of birds fly south for winter every year. Why do you think they go to the same places again and again?
Try this

Classroom activity

As a class, design a 'team fishing' game in the playground. One group is the fish, another forms a pelican line. Can the pelicans herd the fish into one corner just by walking forward together? What rules make it work?