Arabian leopards are smaller than African leopards. An adult male might weigh just 30 kilograms - about the same as a child. Their coats are pale, like the sandstone cliffs they live on. The pattern of spots breaks up their shape so they almost disappear against the rocks.
They live in the high, rocky areas of the south-west of Saudi Arabia - especially the Sarawat Mountains near the Yemen border. They hunt mostly at night and at dawn, going after small mountain animals like ibex (a kind of wild goat), hyrax (which look like fluffy rabbits but are actually distant cousins of elephants!), and birds.
Conservation teams in Saudi Arabia are now working hard to help the Arabian leopard. They use special camera traps - cameras that switch on automatically when an animal walks past. Each leopard has its own pattern of spots, like a fingerprint, so scientists can recognise individual cats from the photos.
There is a big project to create more protected areas for the leopard, and to breed them carefully in a special centre and then return them to the mountains - the same approach that worked for the Arabian oryx. Saving the Arabian leopard is one of Saudi Arabia's biggest conservation challenges.