Classroom lesson 路 Riyadh - the capital in the desert馃嚫馃嚘 Saudi Arabia

Riyadh - the capital in the desert

A 7-million-person city that has grown faster than almost anywhere else

The Riyadh skyline at dusk with the Kingdom Centre tower

Photo 路 Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Riyadh is the capital of Saudi Arabia and one of the fastest-growing cities in the world. Less than 100 years ago it was a small town of mud-walled houses around an oasis. Today around 7 million people live there. The city's name 'Riyadh' actually means 'gardens' - because of the date palm groves that used to surround it.

Tell me more

Riyadh sits in the middle of the country, far from the sea. Summers are very hot - sometimes over 45掳C - and winters are cool and crisp. To survive the heat, modern buildings often have small windows and thick walls, just like the old mud houses used to. The shape changes - the idea stays the same.

The tallest buildings in Riyadh are very famous. The Kingdom Centre has a giant arch-shaped hole at the top, with a glass sky-bridge across it that visitors can walk over. Al Faisaliah Tower has a giant golden ball near its top, with a restaurant inside the ball.

Even though Riyadh is new in many places, it has very old neighbourhoods too. At-Turaif District in the suburb of Diriyah is one of them - a town of beautiful mud-brick buildings that was the original capital, over 250 years ago. It is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, like Hegra further north.

Children in Riyadh often play outdoors after sunset, when the air cools down. Markets called 'souks' come alive in the evening, selling spices, dates, fabric, lanterns and toys. Many families head to a park or restaurant when the day's heat is finally gone.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01How might a city in the desert be designed differently from a city in your country?
  2. 02Lots of life in Riyadh happens after dark. How would that change your school day?
  3. 03Why might it be useful to keep an old part of a city while building a new part too?
Try this

Classroom activity

On A3 paper, design your own 'desert city' from above. Mark: the main road, a market (souk), a park with date palms, a tall tower, a school, and an old quarter. Why did you put each one where you did?