Classroom lesson 路 The Wieliczka Salt Mine馃嚨馃嚤 Poland

The Wieliczka Salt Mine

A 700-year-old underground world carved entirely from salt

A chapel carved deep inside the Wieliczka Salt Mine, with salt chandeliers

Photo 路 Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The Wieliczka Salt Mine, near the city of Krak贸w, is one of the oldest salt mines on Earth. Miners began digging there about 700 years ago, and as they worked they carved an entire underground world from the salt - chapels, statues, chandeliers and even a giant ballroom. It is so special that the whole world protects it as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Tell me more

Salt was once one of the most valuable things in the world. Before fridges, salt was the main way people kept food from going bad. A mine that could produce salt year after year was worth more than gold, and the kings of Poland looked after Wieliczka very carefully.

Down in the mine, the air is thick with salt. The miners worked by candlelight, lowering themselves on long ropes. In their breaks they began carving the rock around them. Over many lifetimes they shaped whole chambers - some as big as a school hall - all out of salt.

The most famous chamber is St Kinga's Chapel. Everything inside it is salt: the floor tiles, the statues, the carvings on the walls, even the chandeliers, where each crystal is a polished piece of rock salt. If you lick the wall (and visitors do!) it really does taste like salt.

The mine has nine levels and over 300 kilometres of tunnels - longer than the distance from London to Manchester. Visitors only ever see a tiny part. Down at the bottom there are underground lakes so salty that people float on top of them, like in the Dead Sea.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why might salt have been more valuable than gold before fridges were invented?
  2. 02The miners spent their breaks making art. What does that tell us about what people need to do, even at work?
  3. 03What would it feel like to spend a whole day deep underground? What would you miss?
Try this

Classroom activity

Give each child a small piece of card. Ask them to design their own underground chamber - what would they carve out of salt? Label the walls, the lights, and one secret feature. Pin them up as a class to make a 'salt city'.