Classroom lesson 路 Wildlife馃嚦馃嚤 Netherlands

The eider duck

A sea duck with the world's warmest feathers

A male eider duck with striking black-and-white plumage floating on Dutch coastal waters

Photo 路 Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The eider is a big sea duck that lives around the cold North Sea coast of the Netherlands, especially in the Wadden Sea. The males are striking - black, white and pale green - and the females are speckled brown. Eiders are famous for the softest, warmest feathers in the world: eiderdown.

Tell me more

Eider ducks live on the sea. They float on cold waves all day, diving underwater to find mussels, crabs and small shellfish. They are excellent divers and can hold their breath for over a minute. They swallow mussels whole and their strong stomachs crush the shells inside.

The reason eiders can sit on freezing cold sea water without getting cold is their amazing chest feathers - 'eiderdown'. Eiderdown is so warm and light that for hundreds of years it has been used by people to make duvets and warm jackets for explorers going to the Arctic. One pillow's worth of eiderdown can keep a grown-up warm in deep snow.

When the mother eider makes her nest on the ground, she plucks the down from her own chest to line it - keeping her eggs and babies warm. After the babies leave the nest, people in some Arctic countries carefully gather the leftover down. The mother is not harmed - it is like collecting wool from a sheep.

Baby eider ducklings have a special trick. Once they hatch, many mothers' babies group together into one giant playgroup called a 'cr猫che', with a few aunties watching the lot. Sometimes 50 fluffy chicks paddle behind just two grown-ups. Safety in numbers.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why might it help baby ducklings to all stick together in one giant group?
  2. 02Eiderdown is collected without hurting the duck. What does that teach us about how we use things from nature?
  3. 03What other animals do you know that share looking after their young with aunties or cousins?
Try this

Classroom activity

Bring in a pillow or coat with feathers in. Feel how warm and light it is. Talk about why feathers are such good insulation (lots of air trapped between them). Then think about animals in the cold - how do they each stay warm?