Classroom lesson 路 Living below the sea馃嚦馃嚤 Netherlands

Living below the sea

One third of the country is lower than the sea - so the Dutch made the rest

An aerial view of a flat green Dutch polder with straight canals

Photo 路 Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Around one third of the Netherlands sits lower than the sea. Without something to hold the water back, those fields, villages and even some cities would flood. The Dutch built long walls called dykes, drained the water out with windmills, and then turned the soggy bottoms into farmland called polders. There is an old Dutch saying: 'God made the earth, but the Dutch made the Netherlands.'

Tell me more

Imagine the bath in your house. Now imagine the bath is full of water. If you took a piece of land - say a kitchen table - and lowered it to the bottom of the bath, then built a wall around it and pumped all the water out, you would have a dry table at the bottom of a full bath. That is exactly what a Dutch polder is.

The lowest spot in the Netherlands is nearly 7 metres below sea level - about as deep as a house is tall. The highest spot is only about 320 metres above sea level. Most of the country is flat as a pancake.

To keep the water out, the Dutch built enormous sea walls and gates. The Delta Works in the south-west are some of the biggest in the world. The largest gate is wider than the Eiffel Tower is tall. The gates stay open most of the time, but when a really big storm comes, they close, and the country stays dry.

Dutch children grow up understanding water in a way most children don't. They learn early how a polder works, how a dyke works, and why looking after the water is everyone's job. The country's water boards are even older than the national government - some have been making decisions about water for over 700 years.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01How would your life change if your school sat below the sea?
  2. 02What do you think 'God made the earth, but the Dutch made the Netherlands' means?
  3. 03Why might it help to have lots of people sharing the same job of keeping water out?
Try this

Classroom activity

Fill a deep tray with water. Build a 'dyke' across the middle with damp sand or modelling clay. Try to keep one side completely dry while you slowly pour water into the other side. What happens if there's a tiny gap? Discuss what Dutch dyke builders have to think about every day.