Classroom lesson 路 Wildlife馃嚨馃嚢 Pakistan

The Indus river dolphin

A river dolphin that lives in just one river in the world

An Indus river dolphin leaping out of muddy river water, showing its long beak

Photo 路 Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The Indus river dolphin is one of the rarest animals on Earth. It lives only in the Indus, the great river that runs the length of Pakistan. Unlike sea dolphins, it lives in freshwater, can hardly see at all, and finds its food using sound instead of sight.

Tell me more

The Indus river dolphin is almost blind. Its eyes are tiny and only see light and dark. Instead of using its eyes, it sends out little clicks of sound and listens to the echoes that bounce back. From the echo it can tell where a fish is, how big it is, and which direction it is swimming - even in muddy water where you couldn't see your hand.

It is sometimes called the 'blind dolphin' or 'Bhulan' (its name in the local Sindhi language). It usually swims on its side, with one flipper stretched out underneath touching the riverbed - a bit like an animal feeling its way down a corridor with one hand on the wall.

These dolphins grow to about 2 metres long. They like the deep pools where the river bends. Females have a calf every two years, and the calf stays with its mother for about a year, learning where to find food.

Only around 2,000 Indus river dolphins are left in the world. Pakistan has set up special protected stretches of the river just for them, where boats slow down and people watch out for them. It is one of those rare animals that lives in only one country, anywhere on Earth.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01How could an animal find its food using sound instead of sight?
  2. 02Why might it be a problem for an animal to live in only one river in the world?
  3. 03What is the strangest thing about the way this dolphin swims, do you think?
Try this

Classroom activity

Play a game of 'echo-hunting'. One pupil is the dolphin and stands blindfolded. Three pupils stand around them as 'fish' and click their fingers when called. Can the 'dolphin' point to the closest fish using only sound? Try with the fish getting closer and further away.