Classroom lesson 路 Wildlife馃嚠馃嚦 India

The Indian peacock

India's dazzling national bird, with a tail like a fan

A male peacock with a long, bright green and blue tail perched on a tree stump

Photo 路 Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The Indian peacock is the national bird of India. Only the males are properly called 'peacocks' - the females are called peahens. The males are the ones with the famous long, shimmering tail that they can lift up and spread out in a giant, colourful fan.

Tell me more

A peacock's tail is one of the most beautiful things in nature. It is made of around 200 long feathers, each one ending in an eye-like spot of blue, gold and green. The fan can be over 1.5 metres wide - wider than most front doors. When the peacock walks, the tail drags behind him like a royal cape.

Why such a showy tail? Peacocks display their fan to impress peahens. He shakes the feathers gently, making a soft rattling sound, and turns slowly so the colours catch the light. The peahens watch and choose who they like best. Scientists think peahens prefer males with the most eye-spots - it's like a feathery report card.

The colours in a peacock's feathers aren't made from paint or dye. The feathers are clear, but their surface has tiny ridges that bend light. The colour you see depends on the angle you look from. This trick is called 'iridescence' and it is the same reason a soap bubble or a puddle of oil has rainbow swirls.

Peacocks fly! Even with that big tail. They can fly up into trees to roost at night. They are also very vocal - their call is a loud, clear 'meow-aaah' sound that you can hear from far away. In Indian villages, people often say the peacocks call before the monsoon rains arrive.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why might a peahen pick the peacock with the biggest fan?
  2. 02Soap bubbles and peacock feathers both make rainbow colours by bending light. What other things can you think of that do this?
  3. 03If you had to design a 'showy display' to impress a friend, what would it look like?
Try this

Classroom activity

Each pupil designs their own peacock fan on paper, decorated with 'eye spots' in any colours they like. Hold up your fan and present it to the class. Then look up a peacock display video together. Whose paper fan is closest to the real one?