Classroom lesson 路 Music馃嚞馃嚟 Ghana

Highlife - Ghana's gift to world music

A bright, hopeful sound born in Ghana's coastal towns

A Ghanaian guitar and palm-wine highlife band performing

Photo 路 Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Highlife is a kind of music that was born in Ghana about 100 years ago. It mixes traditional African drumming and singing with guitars and brass instruments. The result is a bright, dancing sound that became hugely popular all across West Africa - and is still played today.

Tell me more

Highlife got its name in the early 1900s. Bands would play it at fancy dancehalls in Accra, and people walking past outside would say that the dancers inside were enjoying the 'high life'. The name stuck, and the music kept growing.

Early highlife was guitar-driven - a sound called 'palm-wine highlife', because the musicians often played outside palm-wine bars under the trees. Later, big-band highlife added trumpets, saxophones and drums, and could fill huge dance halls. Both styles use rhythms from older Ghanaian music as their heartbeat.

Highlife travelled. It became popular across West Africa, into Nigeria, into Sierra Leone, even into the Caribbean. Many of today's African music styles - including hiplife (a mix of highlife and hip-hop, born in Ghana in the 1990s) and Afrobeats - have roots in highlife.

What makes highlife special is its mood. The songs are usually warm and hopeful. The lyrics talk about love, family, hard work and everyday life. Whether you're sitting on a porch or dancing under a string of lights, a highlife song is the kind of music that makes everyone smile and nod along.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01What music makes you want to dance? Why do you think some songs do that more than others?
  2. 02Highlife was made by mixing old African music with newer instruments. What other things do we know that are made by mixing old and new?
  3. 03How might music travel from one country to another, even before the internet?
Try this

Classroom activity

Have a 'highlife minute' in class. Play a short clip of a famous highlife song (e.g. by E.T. Mensah or Daddy Lumba). As a class, pick out three things you can hear - a drum, a guitar, a singer. What instruments do you recognise? What does the song make you feel?