Classroom lesson 路 Wildlife馃嚛馃嚜 Germany

Eurasian beaver

Nature's engineer, building dams in slow rivers

A Eurasian beaver in shallow water with reflections around it

Photo 路 Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The Eurasian beaver is a big brown rodent that lives in rivers, streams and lakes across Germany. They have flat, paddle-shaped tails, orange front teeth, and webbed back feet. They are nature's engineers - they cut down trees, build dams across small rivers, and turn streams into ponds.

Tell me more

A beaver's front teeth never stop growing. They have to chew wood all the time just to keep them the right length. The teeth are orange because they contain iron, which makes them really hard - hard enough to cut down a tree as thick as your wrist in a single night.

Beavers build dams across streams using sticks, mud and stones. The dam blocks the water, so the stream backs up and forms a pond behind it. The beavers then build their home - called a lodge - in the middle of the pond. The lodge is a big dome of sticks with the door underwater, so foxes and wolves can't get in.

Inside the lodge, a beaver family has a dry room above the water level, lined with soft chewed wood. Mum, dad and their children all live together. Beaver children stay with their parents for about two years before going off to start their own families.

Beavers are amazing for rivers. Their dams slow the water down, create new ponds, and bring back fish, frogs, ducks and dragonflies. Like the bison, beavers had nearly disappeared from Germany. Today they are back in many rivers - and rangers are watching new ponds appear all over the country as beaver families set up home.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why might it be useful for an animal to have a front door that opens underwater?
  2. 02Beavers change the landscape they live in - they make ponds where there were streams. Can you think of other animals that change their landscape?
  3. 03Why might fish, frogs and birds all show up once beavers move in?
Try this

Classroom activity

On a big sheet of paper, draw a stream. Then draw what happens after beavers arrive: a dam, a pond, a lodge, fish, frogs, ducks. Label every change. How many new animals showed up because of the beavers?