Classroom lesson 路 The Northern Lights馃嚝馃嚠 Finland

The Northern Lights

Green and purple curtains of light dancing across the winter sky

Bright green swirls of the aurora borealis dancing across a starry sky over snowy Finnish Lapland

Photo 路 Wikimedia Commons 路 Aurora borealis over Lapland, Finland

What is it?

In the long, dark winters of northern Finland, the night sky sometimes lights up with huge curtains of green, pink and purple light. These are the Northern Lights - also called the aurora borealis. They look like the sky is alive, swirling slowly above you. They happen because of tiny particles from the sun hitting the air high up above the Earth.

Tell me more

The sun is always sending out a stream of tiny particles. Most of the time, the Earth's magnetic field gently pushes them away, like a giant invisible shield. But near the top and bottom of the world, some particles slip through and smash into the air. The air glows green, pink and purple. That glow is the aurora.

In Lapland, the very north of Finland, the lights appear on around 200 nights every year. You need three things to see them: a dark sky, a clear sky (no clouds), and patience. People sit outside wrapped in blankets, watching and waiting. Sometimes the lights stay still for ages. Other times they suddenly start dancing.

Old Finnish stories explain the lights in beautiful ways. The Finnish word for the aurora is 'revontulet', which means 'fox fires'. According to one old story, a magical Arctic fox runs across the snow so fast that his tail sweeps sparks into the night sky.

Today, scientists know exactly what causes the lights, but the old stories are still loved. Across northern Finland, people set up cameras pointing at the sky all winter, sharing photos with the world. There are also apps that ping you when the aurora is about to start - so you can run outside and look up just in time.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Before scientists explained the aurora, people made up stories about it. Why do you think humans love to invent stories for things we can't explain?
  2. 02What would it feel like to see the whole sky moving in green light? Could you sit still and watch?
  3. 03Lapland is dark for months. Why might the aurora feel like a gift in the middle of a long, dark winter?
Try this

Classroom activity

Invent your own folk tale to explain the Northern Lights. It must use one animal and one thing from the sky. Write it as a short story or comic strip. Share with the class - whose story do you like best?