Classroom lesson 路 Wildlife馃嚚馃嚘 Canada

Beavers - the busy engineers

Canada's national symbol, and nature's most famous builder

A North American beaver sitting up, showing its broad flat tail

Photo 路 Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The beaver is Canada's national animal - it has been on Canadian coins and stamps for a long time. North American beavers are the largest beavers in the world. They are famous for being some of the cleverest builders in nature: they change whole landscapes by chopping down trees and building dams.

Tell me more

A beaver can fell a tree as thick as your leg. It uses its big front teeth, which are bright orange and never stop growing - the more they chew, the sharper they get. Once a tree falls, the beaver chops it into smaller logs and drags them to a river or stream.

With the logs, beavers build dams across streams. A dam blocks the flowing water and creates a calm pond. In the middle of the pond, they then build a 'lodge' - a wooden island house with an underwater front door. The whole family lives inside, safe from predators that don't swim.

A beaver's tail is one of nature's best tools. It is wide and flat, like a leather paddle. They use it for steering when swimming, balancing when standing up, and slapping it loudly on the water to warn the family that danger is near. The slap can be heard half a kilometre away.

Beavers help whole ecosystems. The ponds they create become homes for fish, frogs, ducks and dragonflies. Many birds nest in the dead trees that stand in the flooded water. Scientists call beavers a 'keystone species' - take them away, and the whole habitat changes.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why might a beaver want to live in a house with the front door underwater?
  2. 02When beavers build a dam, lots of other animals end up with new homes. What does that tell us about how nature is connected?
  3. 03If you could be the 'engineer' animal for one ecosystem, what would you build?
Try this

Classroom activity

Using sticks, leaves and stones from outside, build a tiny model beaver dam across a tray of shallow water. Test how well it slows the water down. As a class, talk about why a slow pond is better for animals than a fast stream.