Classroom lesson · The Namib Desert & the Welwitschia Plant · 🇦🇴 Angola

The Namib Desert & the Welwitschia Plant

A coastal desert home to one of the world's strangest plants

Ancient Welwitschia plant with curling leaves spread across orange desert gravel

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The Namib Desert runs along the south-western coast of Africa and reaches into southern Angola. It is one of the oldest deserts on Earth, and it is home to the Welwitschia - an extraordinary plant that can live for over a thousand years and looks unlike anything else in the plant kingdom.

Tell me more

A Welwitschia looks very odd. It has only two leaves, but over many centuries those leaves grow and split and curl until the plant looks like a tangled pile of leathery ribbons. Some Welwitschia plants alive today started growing more than 1,500 years ago - when people in Europe were still living in the Middle Ages.

The Namib Desert along Angola's southern coast is cool compared to most deserts because the cold Benguela ocean current flows just offshore. Thick fog rolls in from the sea most mornings, and many animals and plants - including the Welwitschia - collect this fog as their main source of water. The plant's leaves have tiny pores that gather moisture right out of the air.

The Namib is also home to strange beetles that do 'fog-basking' - they stand on their heads so water droplets roll down their bodies and into their mouths. Sidewinder snakes, oryx antelopes and even spotted hyenas have all learned to survive in this foggy desert world.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01The Welwitschia only has two leaves but lives for over 1,000 years. What do you think makes it so tough?
  2. 02How do animals and plants in the Namib get water without much rain? Can you think of other clever ways living things collect water?
  3. 03If you could interview a 1,500-year-old Welwitschia, what three questions would you ask it about history?
Try this

Classroom activity

Draw a large Welwitschia plant showing its two long, curling leaves. Add labels explaining how it collects water from fog. Around the plant, draw three other desert animals and write one sentence about how each one survives in the Namib.