Classroom lesson · The Zambezi River · 🇿🇲 Zambia

The Zambezi River

Africa's fourth-longest river - and the one that gave Zambia its name

A wide stretch of the Zambezi River at sunset with a fishing boat

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The Zambezi is the fourth-longest river in Africa - 2,574 kilometres from where it starts to where it ends. It begins as a tiny spring in north-west Zambia and flows through six countries before reaching the Indian Ocean. Zambia is literally named after this river.

Tell me more

The river starts in the Mwinilunga district, in the far north-west of Zambia, where you can step over it. Then it grows. It flows through Angola for a bit, swings back into Zambia, forms the long border with Zimbabwe (this is where Victoria Falls is), then runs through Mozambique before pouring into the Indian Ocean.

Along its long journey, the Zambezi shows lots of different faces. Near the source, it is shallow and calm. By the time it reaches Victoria Falls, it is more than a kilometre wide. After the falls, it squeezes through narrow gorges with rapids. Then it slows down again into wide, calm stretches where hippos and crocodiles sunbathe on the banks.

Two huge man-made lakes have been built on the river: Lake Kariba (on the Zambia-Zimbabwe border) and Lake Cabora Bassa (in Mozambique). The dams that made them produce electricity for millions of homes. When Lake Kariba was filled in the 1950s and 60s, it became one of the largest man-made lakes in the world.

Lots of people live and work along the river. Fishermen go out in long wooden canoes called 'banana boats' to catch tiger fish and bream. The flooded plains either side of the river are perfect for growing rice. The whole valley is full of birds - over 700 species have been spotted along the Zambezi.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01If a country can be named after a river, what does that tell us about how important rivers are?
  2. 02The Zambezi changes a lot along its journey. Has anything you know changed a lot from start to finish?
  3. 03Which river is closest to where you live? What lives in it and what does it look like in different seasons?
Try this

Classroom activity

On a map of southern Africa, trace the Zambezi from its source in north-west Zambia to its mouth in Mozambique. Mark every country it passes through. Add Victoria Falls and Lake Kariba. Then measure the distance with string and compare to a river near you.