Classroom lesson · Sunflowers - Ukraine's national flower · 🇺🇦 Ukraine

Sunflowers - Ukraine's national flower

Fields of golden flowers that follow the sun across the sky

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The sunflower is the national flower of Ukraine. Huge fields of sunflowers stretch across the countryside, especially in summer. Ukraine grows more sunflowers than almost any other country in the world. Their flat golden heads turn to follow the sun across the sky as it moves from east to west.

Tell me more

Young sunflowers really do follow the sun. In the morning they face east; by afternoon they have slowly turned to face west. Then, in the night, they slowly swivel back, ready to greet the sunrise again. Scientists call this 'heliotropism' - 'turning towards the sun'. Once a sunflower is fully grown, it usually stops moving and just faces east.

Each sunflower head looks like one big flower but is actually hundreds of tiny flowers packed together in a beautiful spiral. The seeds in the middle are arranged in patterns that mathematicians find fascinating - the same patterns appear in pinecones, pineapples and even spiral galaxies.

Ukrainians use sunflowers for almost everything. The seeds are roasted and eaten as a snack - children crack them open with their teeth and spit out the shells. Oil pressed from the seeds is used for cooking. Even the leftover bits of the plant feed animals on farms.

Ukraine is sometimes called the 'breadbasket of Europe' because of how much food it grows - especially wheat, corn and sunflowers. The country's flag is blue and yellow, and one common explanation is that it shows a blue sky above a yellow field - perhaps a field of wheat, perhaps a field of sunflowers.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why might it help a flower to turn and follow the sun?
  2. 02If your country picked a national flower, what would it be? Why?
  3. 03Ukraine grows food that is eaten all over the world. Can you name a food on your plate that probably travelled a long way?
Try this

Classroom activity

Plant some sunflower seeds in pots in spring. Mark which way the leaves face every morning and afternoon for a week. Do the young plants really turn? Measure how tall they grow over a few weeks. The world record is over 9 metres - how close did your class get?