Classroom lesson 路 Wildlife馃嚥馃嚲 Malaysia

The hornbill - king of the forest sky

A huge bird with a giant beak and a 'casque' on top

A rhinoceros hornbill perched on a branch, showing off its huge yellow-orange beak and casque

Photo 路 Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Hornbills are big, loud, brightly-coloured rainforest birds that live across Malaysia. They have huge beaks topped with a strange hollow horn called a 'casque' - which looks like a second beak balanced on top of the first. Malaysia has ten different kinds of hornbill, including the spectacular rhinoceros hornbill, the symbol of the state of Sarawak.

Tell me more

The rhinoceros hornbill has a bright orange-yellow casque that curves up like a horn. Despite looking heavy, the casque is mostly hollow - like a foam helmet - so the bird can still fly easily. Scientists think the casque helps make their calls louder, like a giant beak-shaped megaphone.

Hornbills are noisy. Their calls boom and honk through the forest, and you can often hear them coming from very far away. Their wings make a whooshing sound when they fly - some people describe it like a steam train chugging through the treetops. You usually hear a hornbill before you see one.

Hornbills make one of nature's strangest nests. The female squeezes into a hollow in a tree trunk to lay her eggs - and then she and the male seal the entrance shut with mud, leaving only a tiny letterbox-sized slot. The dad spends weeks bringing fruit through the slot to feed her and the babies. When the chicks are big enough, the family breaks out together.

Hornbills are very important to the rainforest. They love fruit, and after they eat, they fly long distances and drop the seeds in their poo. Those seeds grow into new trees. Without hornbills, many huge rainforest trees would have no way to spread. They are nature's gardeners.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01How can a bird be 'nature's gardener'? What is happening when it eats fruit and flies away?
  2. 02Why might it help mum to be sealed inside a tree while the chicks are tiny?
  3. 03What would the rainforest sound like if every hornbill suddenly stopped calling?
Try this

Classroom activity

Make a giant class hornbill out of recycled cardboard - one team builds the body, one team builds the huge beak with casque, one team paints the bright colours. Hang it from a corridor ceiling. Each pupil writes one fact on a feather to stick on its wing.