Classroom lesson 路 Rice fields馃嚠馃嚛 Indonesia

The terraced rice fields of Bali

Whole staircases of green fields, hand-built into the hills

Rice paddies in Bali with a small shrine and a yellow ceremonial umbrella

Photo 路 Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

On the Indonesian island of Bali, the hills are cut into hundreds of flat, step-shaped fields, each one slightly higher than the last. Farmers grow rice in them, like a giant green staircase. Some of these terraces are over a thousand years old and are protected by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.

Tell me more

Rice is the most-eaten food in Indonesia and in most of Asia. About half the people on Earth eat rice every day. It is one of the only crops that likes to grow in a flooded field - water actually helps it grow tall and strong, and it stops weeds from taking over.

Building a rice terrace on a hillside is a clever puzzle. Each terrace must be perfectly flat so water can sit on it. The water must be able to flow gently from the highest terrace, down to the next one, and the next, all the way to the bottom of the hill - never too fast and never too slow.

In Bali, this water system has its own name: subak. A subak is a group of farmers who share the water from a mountain spring. They agree together when to open and close the little channels, so everybody's rice gets the right amount. The system has worked for over a thousand years - far longer than most cities have existed.

Rice fields are full of life. Egrets - tall white birds - hunt for tiny fish in the water. Frogs sing at night. Small temples sit on the corners of the fields, where farmers say a quiet 'thank you' for a good harvest. Visitors come from all over the world just to walk along the narrow paths between the green steps.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why does rice need water sitting on the field, but most other crops don't?
  2. 02How might farmers agree on sharing water from one spring? What rules would you make?
  3. 03A system that has worked for 1,000 years - what does it tell us about good ideas?
Try this

Classroom activity

Draw a hillside divided into terraces on A3 paper. Show one small mountain spring at the top. Use a blue arrow to show how the water travels down, terrace by terrace, until it reaches the river at the bottom. Label one terrace 'just planted', one 'growing', and one 'ready to harvest'.