Classroom lesson · Forests, Bogs and Hiking Trails · 🇪🇪 Estonia

Forests, Bogs and Hiking Trails

Half of Estonia is covered in ancient forest, with magical boggy wetlands to explore

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Forests cover almost half of Estonia - it is one of the most forested countries in Europe. Inside those forests you can find something quite unusual: vast, flat bogs where the ground is spongy, the water is tea-coloured, and strange twisted pine trees grow very slowly in the peaty soil.

Tell me more

A bog is a type of wetland where plants decompose very slowly because the soil is so acidic. Over thousands of years, layer upon layer of dead plant material builds up into a spongy mat called peat. Walking on a healthy bog feels a bit like bouncing on a very firm mattress.

Estonia's most famous bog is in Soomaa National Park. In spring, when the snow melts, the rivers flood and Soomaa can become flooded for weeks - locals call this the 'fifth season'. During the fifth season, the only way to get around some parts of the park is by dug-out canoe, just as people have done for thousands of years.

Hiking trails wind through Estonian forests and across wooden boardwalks over the bogs. On the boardwalks you can walk right out into the middle of a bog without getting wet, and watch dragonflies, rare orchids, and bog-cotton waving in the breeze. On a clear day, the reflections of clouds in the dark bog pools are breathtaking.

Estonia's forests are also home to mushrooms, blueberries and cranberries that people love to pick in autumn. Foraging - collecting wild food from nature - is a big part of Estonian life, and many families spend weekends walking in the forest with baskets.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why might it be useful to walk on a wooden boardwalk instead of stepping straight onto a bog?
  2. 02What would you look for if you went foraging in a forest?
  3. 03Estonia has four normal seasons plus a 'fifth season' of floods. What would you call a special season where you live?
Try this

Classroom activity

Create a nature journal page from an imaginary walk across an Estonian bog. Draw at least five things you might see (a dragonfly, a twisted pine, a bog pool, bog cotton, a bird) and write one sentence about each. Add the date and weather at the top.