Classroom lesson · The Armenian alphabet · 🇦🇲 Armenia

The Armenian alphabet

A whole alphabet invented by one person in the year 405

Stone letters of the Armenian alphabet at a hillside monument

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Armenian has its own alphabet - completely different from the Latin letters used to write English, or the Cyrillic letters used to write Russian, or the Arabic letters used in nearby countries. The Armenian alphabet was invented by one man, a scholar called Mesrop Mashtots, in the year 405. It is still used by 6 million Armenians around the world today.

Tell me more

Most alphabets in the world grew slowly, over hundreds or thousands of years, with no one knowing exactly when or how they started. The Armenian alphabet is unusual because we know exactly when it appeared and who made it. Mesrop Mashtots designed 36 letters in the year 405, so that the Armenian language could finally be written down.

Before then, Armenians had been speaking their language for centuries, but they had to use other people's alphabets - Greek, Syriac, or Persian - to write it. None of those alphabets fitted Armenian sounds well. Mashtots designed his letters carefully so that every Armenian sound had exactly one letter.

Two more letters were added a long time later, so the modern Armenian alphabet has 38 letters - 8 more than English. The letters look completely different from English ones: ա բ գ դ ե… Some have curves like little dancers, others have hooks like fish.

On a hillside in Armenia you can visit a special monument called the Armenian Alphabet Park, where each of the 39 stone letters has been carved as tall as a person and placed in a giant outdoor sculpture. School groups visit on field trips and try to spot the letters of their own names.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Why might it matter to a people to have their own alphabet, rather than borrowing one?
  2. 02What would it feel like to invent a brand new alphabet for English? Where would you start?
  3. 03Are there sounds in your language that don't have their own letter? What do we do about them in English?
Try this

Classroom activity

Each pupil designs a new letter for an imaginary new alphabet. The letter should look different from any English one. Display them on a class wall. Then try to spell your name using only your invented letters - see if a classmate can read it.