Classroom lesson 路 Wildlife馃嚦馃嚞 Nigeria

African manatees - the gentle 'sea cow'

A big, slow, plant-eating giant that lives in Nigeria's rivers

An African manatee swimming underwater

Photo 路 Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Manatees are huge, gentle mammals that live in slow rivers and along coasts. They look like a mix between a seal, a walrus and a small whale. The African manatee lives in Nigeria's rivers and lagoons, including parts of the Niger River. People often call manatees 'sea cows' because they spend their whole day grazing on plants underwater.

Tell me more

A manatee can grow up to 4 metres long and weigh as much as a small car. Despite their size, they are very gentle. They eat only plants - water grasses, leaves and any greenery they can find in the river. A grown-up manatee eats around 50 kilograms of plants every single day - the weight of a small adult human.

Manatees have to breathe air, but they can hold their breath for up to 20 minutes while they're feeding underwater. They come up to the surface, take a quick breath, and slide back down. When they sleep, they actually float just under the water and rise up every few minutes to breathe without fully waking up.

Their closest living relatives are not whales or seals - they are elephants. If you look at a manatee's foot bones, they look surprisingly similar to an elephant's. Scientists believe both animals share a great-great-grandparent that lived around 60 million years ago.

African manatees are quite shy. They live in muddy rivers, so even the people who know them best mostly see ripples on the water rather than the whole animal. They almost never come on land. Today they are protected in Nigeria because their slow, gentle lives can make it hard for them to stay safe near busy rivers.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01An animal that eats only plants is called a 'herbivore'. What other herbivores can you think of? What's different about hunters and grazers?
  2. 02How might it feel to be able to hold your breath for 20 minutes underwater?
  3. 03What surprises you most about manatees being related to elephants?
Try this

Classroom activity

On the playground or in a hall, mark out 4 metres with chalk or string - the length of a manatee. How many of your classmates would have to lie head-to-toe to match it? Then look up the weight of a small car and compare it to the weight of an average pupil in the class.

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