Classroom lesson · Asmara - Africa's Art Deco Capital · 🇪🇷 Eritrea

Asmara - Africa's Art Deco Capital

A UNESCO city full of curvy, colourful buildings from the 1930s

A wide avenue in Asmara lined with pastel-coloured art deco buildings under a bright blue sky

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

Asmara is the capital city of Eritrea, sitting high on a plateau more than 2,300 metres above the sea - so high the air feels cool and fresh even close to the equator. Its streets are packed with curvy, colourful buildings in a style called Art Deco, built in the 1930s, which is why people sometimes call it 'Africa's Miami'. In 2017 UNESCO added the whole city to its World Heritage List.

Tell me more

Art Deco is a style of design that was very popular in the 1930s. The buildings have smooth, curved edges, big windows arranged in neat rows, and bold geometric shapes - a bit like architecture made from giant building blocks. In Asmara you can find a petrol station shaped like an aeroplane, a cinema that looks like a rocket, and a market building whose roof looks like a row of waves frozen in concrete.

Asmara sits on a high plateau called the Eritrean Highlands. Because it is so high up, the temperature is almost always pleasant - rarely too hot and rarely too cold. The city streets are broad and lined with tall trees, and the centre is famous for being very walkable and calm. Families stroll along the main boulevard, called Harnet Avenue, in the evenings, eating gelato and chatting.

The city was built by Italian settlers and local craftspeople together, mixing Italian Art Deco style with local materials and the tastes of Eritrean builders and workers. Today the Eritrean people are very proud of Asmara's unique look. Architects and tourists from all over the world visit to photograph its buildings.

One of the most beloved buildings is the Cinema Impero, which opened in 1937 and still screens films today. The post office has a sweeping curved front, and the former Opera House has a grand colonnade. Walking around Asmara feels a little like stepping into an old black-and-white film - except everything is sunny and in colour.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01If you could design a building in any shape, what shape would you choose and why?
  2. 02Asmara is famous for being very walkable. What makes a city good for walking?
  3. 03Buildings can mix styles from different places and people. Can you think of something in your own life that mixes two different traditions?
  4. 04Why do you think UNESCO protects whole cities, not just single buildings?
Try this

Classroom activity

Give each child a piece of A4 paper and ask them to design their own Art Deco building front. It should have at least one curved shape, one set of repeated geometric windows, and a bold colour. Display the finished designs as a 'Class City' along the wall.