Classroom lesson · Wildlife · 🇨🇺 Cuba

Caribbean Manatee

A gentle giant that grazes on sea grass like an underwater cow

A large manatee floating peacefully near the surface of clear Caribbean water

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The Caribbean manatee is a large, gentle sea mammal that swims in the warm shallow waters and mangrove-lined coasts around Cuba. Manatees are sometimes called 'sea cows' because they spend their days slowly grazing on underwater plants. They are enormous - adults can be up to 4 metres long and weigh over 500 kilograms - yet they are completely harmless and very peaceful.

Tell me more

Manatees breathe air, just like you do, so they must come to the surface every few minutes to take a breath. When they do, they take a long, slow breath and then sink back down gently. They are so calm that snorkellers sometimes swim alongside them, and the manatees barely seem to notice. Scientists say manatees have no natural enemies other than humans, which is why they are so unhurried and unbothered.

A manatee's closest living relatives are elephants - not dolphins or whales. If you look at a manatee's flipper, you can see tiny finger bones inside, just like an elephant's foot. Both animals share common ancestors that lived millions of years ago on land. It is thought that the ancestors of manatees gradually moved from land into the water over a very long time.

Manatees eat up to 10% of their body weight in sea grass every day - that is like a child eating 5 to 7 kilograms of food. Huge herds of manatees once grazed the Caribbean, keeping sea grass beds trimmed and healthy. Today they are a vulnerable species, but Cuba's protected coastal areas are one of the places where their populations remain relatively strong.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Manatees and elephants are related even though one lives in the sea and one lives on land. What other surprising animal relatives do you know about?
  2. 02Manatees are very slow and gentle. How do you think these qualities helped their ancestors survive - and what challenges might they face today?
  3. 03If you could design a protected area for manatees, what would you include to keep them safe and healthy?
Try this

Classroom activity

Create a manatee fact poster. Draw a manatee to scale (you will need a long strip of paper - 4 metres if possible, or a scaled-down version at 40 cm = 1 metre). Add labels pointing to its key features: paddle-like tail, tiny finger bones in flippers, nostrils, wrinkled skin. Include your three favourite fun facts.