Classroom lesson · Music · 🇧🇮 Burundi

The Royal Drums of Burundi

UNESCO-listed drumming that is one of the world's most thrilling performances

A group of Burundian royal drummers in white costumes playing tall drums outdoors

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The Royal Drummers of Burundi are one of the most spectacular and famous musical traditions in the world. A group of drummers - sometimes 20 or more - each carry a tall drum and play together in perfect unison while dancing, spinning, and singing. The UNESCO organisation has recognised this tradition as part of the world's most important cultural heritage.

Tell me more

The drums used in the royal tradition are called 'ingoma'. They are made from hollowed tree trunks covered with animal skin and can stand taller than a person. Each drum has its own deep, resonant voice. When many of them play together, the sound is so powerful it can be felt as much as heard - a vibration that moves through your whole body.

What makes the performance extraordinary is that the drummers do not just stand still. They dance as they play - lifting the drum from its base, carrying it on their head, spinning, jumping, and passing beats between each other in a flowing pattern. The performance has been called 'the most exciting percussion show on Earth' by audiences and musicians who have seen it.

The tradition was historically performed at royal ceremonies and harvest celebrations. Today the Royal Drummers travel around the world, performing at major music festivals and concert halls. But the heart of the tradition remains in Burundi, where young people still learn the rhythms, movements, and songs from their elders, keeping the tradition alive for the next generation.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01The UNESCO list protects the world's most important cultural traditions. Why might music and dance need protecting, just like a rainforest or an old building?
  2. 02The drummers play in perfect unison while dancing. How much practice do you think that requires? What skills does it need?
  3. 03Can you think of a music tradition from your own country or culture that is very old and very special?
  4. 04What feeling do you think a huge group of drummers creates when they all play together?
Try this

Classroom activity

Create a classroom drumming circle. Using desks, pencil cases, or hand drums, teach children a simple repeating rhythm (e.g., tap-tap-pause, tap-tap-pause). Split into two groups: one group keeps the beat while the other improvises. Then watch a short video of the Royal Drummers of Burundi and ask: what did you notice about how they move, listen, and work together?