Classroom lesson 路 Wildlife馃嚙馃嚲 Belarus

Eurasian Beaver

The world's second-largest rodent - and an amazing forest engineer

A Eurasian beaver sitting on the bank of a forest stream, holding a small branch

Photo 路 Wikimedia Commons

What is it?

The Eurasian beaver is the largest rodent in Europe and one of the most impressive animal engineers on the planet. Beavers build dams across streams using branches, mud, and stones, creating ponds where they live and raise their families. Belarus's forests and waterways are full of beaver dams, and the animals play a huge role in shaping the landscape.

Tell me more

Beavers have incredibly strong, orange-coloured teeth that never stop growing. They use them to gnaw through tree trunks that would take a person with a saw much longer to cut. A beaver can fell a small tree in just a few minutes! They gnaw in a ring around the base of the trunk until it topples into the water.

Once they have felled trees, beavers drag the branches into the stream and weave them together with mud and stones to build a dam. The dam holds back the water and creates a calm pond. In the middle of the pond, the beaver builds its home - a lodge made of sticks, with the entrance underwater so predators cannot get inside.

Beaver ponds are brilliant for other wildlife. Ducks, herons, frogs, fish, and dragonflies all benefit from the extra water. Scientists call beavers a 'keystone species' because so many other animals depend on what beavers do. When beavers move into an area, the whole habitat becomes richer.

In Belarus, beavers were once rare, but they have made a big comeback. You can find beaver dams in the streams of Belavezhskaya Pushcha and in the Naroch region. If you look carefully along a riverbank you might spot the pointed stumps of trees they have chewed - a sure sign beavers are nearby.

In the classroom

Walk your class through this in 15 minutes.

Talk together

Discussion prompts

  1. 01Beavers are called 'ecosystem engineers' because they change the landscape for other animals. Can you think of any other animals that change their habitat?
  2. 02A beaver's lodge has its entrance underwater. Why is that a clever design for staying safe?
  3. 03If you were a beaver building a dam, what materials from your local area would you use?
Try this

Classroom activity

Design and label a diagram of a beaver's pond and lodge. Show the dam holding back the water, the lodge in the middle with its underwater entrance, the forest around the pond, and at least three other animals that have moved in to enjoy the pond. Add labels and short explanations for each part.